Movie Analysis of Gender Stereotyping: Antz Essay

In the movie ‘Antz’, we encountered blatant examples of prejudice based on three societal classifications: race, class, and gender. This movie appeared to be completely unintentional in the portrayal of the stereotypes, yet it is the completely benign nature of their usage which is of interest. Did Dreamworks SKG draw up the plot and characters around these stereotypes to draw the audience closer and encourage acceptance, or are these characteristics so deeply ingrained that they appeared haphazardly? Likely, we will never know, but the appearance of this phenomena is cause for interest. The movie showed instances of gender stereotyping most strongly. Starting with the women characters, there is a laundry list of notable instances, but I will only name a few. We can start with Azteca, Z’s friend and fellow â€Å"worker†. While Z is a typical male who is competitive and wants to move up in the world, Azteca maintains a somewhat â€Å"typical† female response. Instead of encouraging him, she tells Z to just smile, and happily accept his place, even if it is an awful life where he is to literally digging ditches his whole life. This example simply highlight the stereotype that women can, in effect, be â€Å"yes men†, the phrase further illustrating the perception of weakness in females. Another time when this theme appeared was when the Queen was talking to her daughter, who was, in an old-school sort of way, betrothed to a man not of her choosing, the general. While the daughter complained, the Queen simply urged her to be complacent, and accept her fate, because it is â€Å"the best thing for everyone†. Another instance, and one which I found particularly hilarious, was the woman wasp(no coincidence there, of course). When Z and the princess were in trouble, she insisted to her husband that he help them, because it was the humanitarian thing to do. It was presented in such a way that harkened to the proverbial housewife image, whereby the female has nothing to do other than take care of the house and children, and as a pleasant little â€Å"hobby†, helps out humanitarian efforts to do some good for the world. With the men, the images were more plentiful, and more a-typical. The general  was a macho, power-hungry jerk, a seemingly perfect attitude for a man in this position. Z was, while more timid, an entrepreneur, striving to accomplish something in his life, and managed to become another male hero twice during the course of the film. In the bar, it was the men who started fighting, not women. Again, very typical. As a whole, Antz demonstrated how completely these stereotypes have permeated our culture, simply because, if we had not been watching this movie in an analytical way, the stereotypes would have floated past us, unnoticed.

Importance of Historical Perspectives Essay

The organised use of labour or Management as we now call it, is as old as time. However it was only in the 19th century that management and the idea of management thought emerged as an important element of political, economic and social development. I believe that historical perspectives have been critically important to the development of management thought through the centuries. Management ideas have been developed out of social and cultural circumstances, over time the social and cultural circumstances have radically changed and developed but the principle of management and management thought has been slow in keeping up with these developments. From my reading, I would argue that there have been three main phases that have fundamentally shaped management thought since ancient times. These phases are; the early autocratic management approach, the change in management thought following the reformation and thirdly, the new work practices required to support the industrial revolution. From my research, it is evident that major historical events have also had an important role to play in the development of different management styles and structures. In ancient times, management of people was purely autocratic. Many of the work force in these times were slaves. This early practise of management seen in ancient Egypt, continued through to feudal times. It was very effective in supporting some of the great construction projects which ancient Egypt is famous for, such as the building of the pyramids, the irrigation of the Nile and the building of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings. Similarly in ancient China, the building of the Great Wall of China. These great works provide us with evidence of a very organised and autocratic approach to the use of labour and also project management skills . This early autocratic period of management was heavily dominated by cultural values such as; fear of punishment, fear of god, where people had no sense of individual achievement and they could only look forward to a better life after death. This form of management continued through the middle ages and in these non-industrialised circumstances there was no â€Å"no need to develop a formal body of management thought†(Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 37) As long as society was dominated by fear and oppression this form of management was sustained. As long as Christianity and the divine right of kings maintained their hold on society, management thought could not evolve and develop. However, these feudal times where religion was invincible and demanded total subservience ere coming to an end. The crusades were a major catalyst for change in these times and by weakening the strength of the catholic church they were the beginning of a cultural rebirth which led to the protestant reformation. With the reformation came the protestant work ethic which I would argue has transcended the history of management and has fundamentally changed work practises opening the door to completely different and new management styles and structures. Prior to this commerce was viewed as an evil that corrupted peoples’ minds and the idea of trade could undermine the obedience demanded by the catholic church. Max Weber in â€Å"the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism† urges strongly that the spirit of capitalism grew out of Protestantism and the protestant work ethic. (Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 26) It is clear that the transformation in attitudes in society due to the reformation brought with it the need for new management structures which would support creativity and competitiveness. These changes did not happen quickly, but they were pivotal in the fundamental shift to the organisation of labour being managed by many people and many different types of people rather than the autocratic few. These new managers began to think about personal gain and had to consider the best ways to achieve these gains. The shift to personal gain was accompanied by the strengthening of national economies in Europe and further afield as new countries and colonies were being discovered and established. The scene was being set for the industrial revolution. Historical perspectives were changing and along with them, new principles in management thought were emerging. Adam Smith was one of the evangelists of management thought during the early stages of the industrial revolution. One of Smith’s new thoughts on management was that the market economy would be se self regulating, that is to say that the market would be ruled by the â€Å"invisible hand†(Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 34). His other contribution were his thoughts on the division of labour culminating in the substantial productivity that the use of technology brought to replace human man power. Smith’s principles are fundamental to modern management thought. The industrial revolution brought with it the move from agrarian life to urban living. Production became large scale and the increasing number of factories coming into production demanded more managers who would have to be capable of successfully organising and managing all aspects of these new work places. There is no doubt that historical perspectives have been mportant in bringing about great changes for the better in management thought as evidenced by the evolution of the three phased covered herein. However I would conclude, that despite the advantages of having historical perspectives, society and the management of society does not really learn from these perspectives. I think this is well summarised in Will Durant’s quote in â⠂¬Å"the story of civilization part 1† where he states that â€Å" a nation is born stoic and dies epicurean†(Durant, 1935: 259). There is no clearer example of this than in Ireland today. We have spent centuries struggling against the autocratic management of Irish society both by the catholic church and by British rule. The adversity of these times was eventually replaced by the development of new management structures bringing with them creativity and competiveness. However, as with many developing societies and civilisations, with this development came affluence and opportunism which in turn undermined the integrity of these management structures. Like the Epicureans, poor thought was given to how this would impact tomorrow. So as in Greece and Rome, the lack of long term prudent management and the lack of learning from the historical perspectives on management thought have meant that we have not escaped the Epicurean death blow that has been rendered to Ireland.

Captain Ahab

This paper proves how and why Captain Ahab in Herman Melvilles Moby Dick is a tragic hero. This paper examines the character of Captain Ahab as a tragic hero in Herman Melvilles Moby Dick. The author discusses the criteria for a tragic hero and how Ahab fits each criterion. The paper looks at how Captain Ahabs weakness turned him away from success, and how he recognized his personal suffering. Captain Ahab is a man of substance, or outstanding in a positive way. He is also turned aside from success due to his own weakness of character. This weakness of character causes him to suffer which in turn this suffering causes Ahab to find recognition of himself and discover what is happening to him. He also causes the sensitive and intelligent reader to feel a sense of waste. Ahab causes a disruption in a system of order as well. He is classified as a paradoxical figure and shows sign of humanity. With two proofs or more for each of the eight criteria of a tragic hero Captain Ahab proves himself to be a more than adequate tragic hero in Herman Melvilles novel Moby Dick.

Compare and contrast intellectual property rights in two regions Essay

Compare and contrast intellectual property rights in two regions. Comment on the difficulties faced in an increasingly globalised world - Essay Example Almost all the organizations whether large of small, national or multinational, and industrial or artistic develop logos, draw designs and introduce some brands that serve as the identity mark of their company. Intellectual property is the identity mark of an individual, a company, an organization or an industry, over which the creator contains complete and unconditional rights. The statute of law provides protection to such property in favour of the originator, and claim over this type of property without referencing to the devisor is against the statute of law and liable to be punishment. Copyright Act, Trademark Ordinance and Patents Ordinance provide protection to intellectual property rights. Different countries have devised various sets of law in order to protect intellectual property rights. Though the main objective behind all the states of the globe is to provide a complete and comprehensive scheme to the inventor of an intellectual product, yet the policies and laws vary from country to country. The same is the case with the United Kingdom and Pakistan, where the political authorities have passed distinguished intellectual property laws for the protection of intellectual rights. Once ruled over the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent, the UK introduced many legal acts like Civil & Criminal Procedural Codes, Sales of Goods, Arbitration Law, Contract Act 1872, Companies Ordinance and others. But after the partition of India in 1947, the independent Pakistani Republic passed new statutes of law including Intellectual Property Ordinance and others. It is therefore, significant variation could be observed between the IPR of both the above described countries. Before embarking up on the topic, it would be appropriate to define the types of intellectual property: Copyright consists of sections of art and literature including prose

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 289

Assignment Example However, technological innovation is analyzed as a changing network of agents interacting in an industrial area and in an institutional infrastructure involved in generating, diffusing and utilizing technology. Technology innovation is the process that that brings improved and developed technologies widespread. The reason of technological innovation is to analyze and later develop a particular technology field in structures and processes that support it. The components of technological innovations are called structures. These are representations of the static aspect of the system as it stabilizes over time. They consist of technical infrastructures and artifacts where they are integrated. They also involve the techno-economic that includes the costs, reliability and safety. However, the designing of a cost- effective technological innovation has become quite a challenge as the world has become more interconnected (Graetz, 2013).There are two things that are clearly uncontested by economists. The first thing is the importance of technological innovations in relation to the economic growth. In 1957, Robert Slow demonstrated how significant economic growth per hour of work in the United State s in 1909 and 1949 could be attributed to the advances in technology (Graetz, 2013). Development of intellectual property (IP) is an essential element to national wealth building. Therefore, the government supports the advances in technology in the form of IP legal protection, providing loans and grants and guarantees to both the profit and no-profit making organization research institutions. In addition, they tax benefits for research and development for the innovations. In cases of a closed economy, the citizens and the residents will reap the reward to direct their taxes to spur. Studies have addressed the effects of increased research and development on employment pattern and

Discovery and settlement of the new world Coursework

Discovery and settlement of the new world - Coursework Example Their occupation mainly consisted of hunting and farming in a limited manner as the invention of tools and wheel were not made in those times. However, they used few primitive tool and gold and silver for ornaments. None of the tribes had written language. They used pictures to convey their messages or make a record of important events and for long distance messages, used smoke signals and sign language. On the other hand, the tribes in south like Aztec and Inca were more developed and furnished with equipment formed a cultured society. They were at an advance level in mathematics and architecture, due to which proper cities and towns were constructed and great stone temples were made to worship. They had a written language. A common viewpoint about these southern tribes is they had a high level of cultural advancement comparatively to any country of the Western Europe. The disagreement in Anglican Church found its way across Atlantic oceans. The puritans especially were in tolerant about beliefs different than them. They argued that the religious practices of Church of England should not resemble to Catholicism. The aim of British Colonies was to practice religion as to worship God with freedom. However, this approach was only adapted by early colonists, which was not extended further. There were four main New England colonies, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Later on the survival of English colonies depended on them In 1629, Massachusetts was founded by few puritans of common faith. About one thousand men, women and children started their journey towards America, as they were distressed to see the moral life and future of religion in England. They came to America to practice religion freely and in turn forced the residents to practice the same belief. They punished, whipped and persecuted those who did not belief in puritan faith. Many settlers were forced out from their lands for not practicing those beliefs, which eventually set tled in Rhode Island. In 1644, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts colony due to his belief in, God can be worshipped in many ways. He did not thrust puritan believes on the Indian tribes due to which he was ordered to ship back England but he managed to escape and found Rhode Island, which was the first colony where any or every religion was acceptable to practice. The dissenters were forced to live here and some later on moved to Connecticut. Thomas hooker was the most popular Puritan preacher in the Massachusetts colony, who formed Connecticut colony in the valley of Connecticut river .He angrily fought for religious rights and in 1662 was granted with the charter by the Anglican Church. A written plan was documented for the four colonies and presented to the government by Connecticut. The first big battle among settlers and Native Americans was also fought here and was won bye English settlers. New hemisphere was founded in 1679 with the consent of English King an d it became a royal colony. At one time it was part of Massachusetts. The immigration of tribes, from a nonjudgmental perspective was held acutely. Past events flowed in front our eyes as a story being told. The determination and efforts put by daring explorers who ventured over the world and discovered new lands and exotic things, is a note to be marveled upon. With few sources in hand and limited knowledge about the whereabouts of final destiny these explorers are

High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation - Essay Example air in a single breath is known as the "tidal volume." Conventional ventilators can have a harmful effect on infants because normal tidal volumes may overstretch the lungs. HFOV is a highly effective alternative, which uses high frequency (10 - 15 breaths per second) and smaller tidal volumes, which reduces the risk of lung damage. The development of the positive pressure mechanical ventilator in the 1950s marked a significant achievement in the care of patients with respiratory failure, and was a cornerstone in the establishment of the discipline of critical care medicine. Since then, although mechanical ventilation is often life saving, it can also be injurious, especially in patients suffering from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is the prototypical disease of abnormal lung compliance, causing respiratory failure in both children and adults. ARDS refers to the syndrome of lung injury characterized by dyspnea, severe hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, and diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (Udobi & Childs, 1). It can also result in refractory hypoxemia, which can often stimulate attempting nonconventional ventilation strategies such as using nitric oxide, recruitment maneuvers, or prone positioning. High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) has emerged as one such rescue strategy for patients with ARDS. Moreover, given that it appears to injure the lung less than conventional modes of ventilation, it may also be ideally suited to use early in ARDS. HFOV utilizes oscillations generated by a piston pump or a diaphragm oscillator driven by a motor. It produces a sinusoidal or somewhat erratic pressure waveform that gives the expiratory phase its unique active characteristic. This component is created by the backward movement of the diaphragm or piston of the oscillator. A constant distending airway pressure is applied, over which small tidal volumes are superimposed at a high respiratory frequency (Bouchat, Godard and Claris,

The Integrated STEM System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Integrated STEM System - Research Paper Example This essay will not deeply address the issues as the main project will follow that will handle the topic adequately. The acronym STEM refers to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. It is a newly introduced curriculum which advocates for the teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics through integration. Meaning, it is a new approach which adopts an applied and interdisciplinary strategy while teaching these subjects without necessarily teaching them in isolation. By blending Chemistry, physics, In formation Technology, computer, engineering, mathematical science, geosciences, astronomy, life science and social sciences, the curriculum will be encouraging students to learn about practical problem solving skills which are of course essential in their day to day experiences. STEM was established in the United States with the aim of solving the problems created in education and offering of science subjects. The project is aimed at making the STEM related fields more relevant to the students. This is aimed in turn at ensuring that the students become more creative in the future and come up with new projects that can help the country scientifically. The problems in security are a major concern in many countries and it was also one of the highlighted problems that are to be addressed by the STEM project once it goes underway. This essay will look deeply into the idea and point out the strengths it has depicted and the limitations including the remedies that can be implemented to make it a more effective method of bridging the scientific and technological gap that is created in science subjects. However, in order to achieve its objectives, STEM program will have to be introduced to the learners as early as possible. As a matter of fact, it will be shift from the common tradition in which the STEM subjects are taught differently in schools. As a new system aiming at reaching the greatest possible

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement Honeypots Essay

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement Honeypots are an ethical way of identifying illegal activity on the Internet - Essay Example Lance Spitzner (2002), project HoneyNet founder, defines Honeypots as â€Å"a security resource whos value lies in being probed, attacked or compromised,† which implies that when a system is designated as aHoneypot, the target is to get it exploited, delved and attacked. The idea is to falsely present the system as available for being probed so that the administrator could evaluate its weak areas and the hacker can be traced. Since Honeypots only act like live systems and do not contain live data therefore, the intruder can never comprehend that the network is fake. This aspect, however, paves the way for ethical concerns since Honeypots involve making the systemvulnerable to outside attacks. The strategy of entrapment that Honeypots entail has also becomes controversial matter. However, Honeypots has its fair share of pluses and minuses, which are described below. 1. Honeypots inform about the shortcomings in security systems. Usage of Honeypots although poses a threat to the system but from a long-term perspective it can encourage introduction of more secure, effective and alert security systems. Scottberget al., assert that â€Å"tracking an intruder in a honeypot reveals invaluable insights into attacker techniques and ultimately motives so that production systems can be better protected. You may learn of vulnerabilities before they are exploited† (2002, pp. 388). 2. Kurt Kleiner(2005) believes that Honeypots are advantageous for information systems because of their ability of containing and/or fighting viruses. Honeypots can be considered as healing hubs that â€Å"would attract a virus, analyse it automatically, and then distribute a counter measure† (Kleiner 2005). 3. Mark Edmead(2002) considers Honeypot as beneficial because in comparison to IDS (Intrusion Detection System) it only collects small data, which limits the network bandwidth requirement as well as the amount of data to be

Learning about disability culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning about disability culture - Essay Example This I found to be consisted with mainstream culture in society, which holds that people change and develop as they go through their lifespan. I have also learnt that disabilities take various forms and that how one disabled person may behave is not the same as how others may behave. In addition, it was interesting to note that some people with disabilities find the term to be discriminatory, and a hindrance, especially as some feel that they go through the same issues as able-bodied people and achieve similar results (Stone, 2009). Probably the most important information gathered during the learning activities was that individuals cannot outgrow their disabilities. While this ultimately makes sense, my time volunteering to work with disabled children has made me not question what they will become when they grow up. I agree with the contention that those with disabilities, especially learning disabilities, normally have ability or abilities that can outshine their disabilities (Stone, 2009). Whether because of natural gifts or as devices for compensation and adaptation, these other abilities are dependent on the disabled persons. I enjoyed a video that we watched during one of the classes, in which a man working with a group of community leaders told them about what life and school is like for children who are disabled was an informative activity. One of his illustrations actually struck me when he contended that expecting something from those with disabilities who are not capable of accomplishing the set task is commonplace in society and in school, which I agreed with. In addition, this problem has been found to lie with societal ignorance, rather than with individuals suffering from a disability (Stone, 2009). There is a need for society to be concerned and educated about working with disabled people. People with disabilities also have to overcome issues

The Human Resource Environment Essay Example for Free

The Human Resource Environment Essay Section 1: The Human Resource Environment Role of Human resource management and Competitive Advantage Smit, 2006 recommends the idea of gaining competitive benefit to organizations wishing to engage in strategic activities that would be tricky for competitors to copy or reproduce fast Smit, 2006 suggest that firms can use HRM to add competitive advantage for the reason that it is tricky for contestants to duplicate. (Smit, 2006) That is, while knowledge and capital can be gained by almost someone at any-time for a price, it is tricky to obtain a ready pool of extremely qualified and very motivated staff. It is more and more difficult to plan policy in an era of irregular change. In todays intensely spirited and worldwide marketplace, sustaining a competitive benefit by becoming a low-cost leader or differentiator puts an intense premium on having a greatly dedicated and competent labor force. (Smit, 2006) Devoted workers play a strategic role in a company attaining its competitive advantage. In a growing number of corporations, Human Resources are observed as a source of competitive benefit. There is great recognition that characteristic competencies are obtained through extremely developed worker skills, characteristic organizational cultures, Management procedures and systems (Smit, 2006) Read more:  Human Resources Investigation What role does quality initiatives play in that area? Total Quality Management is a quality-initiative all-pervasive thought and spans all the purposes, procedures and activities assumed in an organization. It spotlight on Incremental and nonstop improvement that is oriented and directed towards the attainment of Customer approval. (Smit, 2006) This is of special relevance during financial Downturns when the retention and pleasure of existing clientele is of great value. TQM helps by not only growing Productivity and making procedures and Personnel more and more effective and well-organized, but also by given that cost effectual and competitively valued products to the client. (Smit, 2006) therefore Total Quality execution through Human Resource Management have an effect on the entire gamut of all activities, strategy, procedures and plans that an organization employs throughout the path of its business. It attempts to streamline and decrease redundancy, incompetence and waste. It institutionalizes the procedure of Change Management and maps a path for the company to put systems in position that will permit it to adapt itself to any shifts in the Internal or external surroundings. (Smit, 2006) Improving Capital Efficiency enhanced through Restructuring of Debt, a procedure in itself. Total Quality involves improving all procedures inside an organization. Hence, improving cost efficiency through improved utilization of Debt capital or negotiations for lesser interest rates can be distinct as a procedure development. (Smit, 2006)    Section 2: Assessment and Development Most important compensation challenges in the modern workplace Strong monetary compensation and monetary rewards is the most significant compensation challenges in the contemporary workplace. The workers compensation system in the United States, includes of independent state based and countrywide programs for federal workers, covers about 125 million workers and has evolved and developed since its inception in 1911. Coverage has considerably broadened in range to allow for the addition of most work-related injuries and illnesses. The cost of workers compensation care has also improved. Several of the cost drivers have been recognized, and many approaches have been taken to address medical cost containment. (Smit, 2006) There is a need to stability cost manage with ensuring advantage adequacy and excellence of medical care. It is probable that managing workers compensation costs will carry on to be a challenge in the predictable prospect. The cost of workers compensation care affects all stakeholders comprising workers, employers, providers, state workers compensation controllers, legislature, and insurers. A continued promise to excellence, accessibility to care, and cost repression, and being alert to rising issues that can affect these elements, will assist make sure that workers are afforded available, high quality, and cost-effective care. (Smit, 2006) Changed Compensation practices According to some description, compensation practices have freshly been undergoing marked changes, with a growing number of firms said to be alternating lump-sum payments for usual pay increases, allowing for greater changeability of remuneration across persons or groups, and making greater use of profit sharing or stock choices. Lots of these practices are outside the scope of the characteristic measures of economy-wide recompense growth. furthermore, intensified use of these schemes must to heighten the receptiveness of overall compensation costs to trade conditions and could also, in theory, increase productivity. (Smit, 2006) Section 3: Topics in Human Resource Management Corporations in U.S. will face five mainly critical HR challenges in the near future: organization talent, organization demographics, becoming a knowledge organization, managing Work-life equilibrium, and managing change and cultural change. (Smit, 2006) Talent shortages emerge, both in U.S and in fresh markets overseas, and companies must take steps now if they anticipate to address these shortages—and prevent disaster. numerous companies already have important actions   planned: Our investigate indicates that the number of   U.S companies that move to new locales such as Pakistan in order to add access to burgeoning groups of gifted workers will roughly   triple during the next eight to ten years   (Smit, 2006)    Managing the Loss of Capacity and Knowledge One of the most successful ways to reduce a company’s exposure to demographic Risk is applying a complete system of job families across the corporation. Such a system Clusters workers whose skills and exact experience generate opportunities for job exchanges Across numerous levels (Smit, 2006)    Managing the Aging of the Workforce An aging labor force will have suggestion on among other issues—productivity, the aptitude of the labor force to work in shift surroundings, the need to inspire employees in a dissimilar way, innovation probable, illness-related absenteeism and labor costs (Smit, 2006) References Smit, (2006). HR, Show me the money; Presenting an exploratory model that can measure if HR adds value. New York

Should stem cell transplants be done Essay Example for Free

Should stem cell transplants be done Essay Stem cell transplants are often one of the last choices a patient has to survive cancer. All have already gone through chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both and this is the next step in their treatment. Patients have two choices in transplants autologous or allogeneic. In an autologous transplant stem cells are collected from the patient and then given back to them at a later date after the body has been properly prepared for transplantation. In an allogeneic transplant stem cells are collected from a donor, related or unrelated to the patient, then transplanted into the patient. Stem cells can be collected in two different ways. One way is via bone marrow and the other is via peripheral blood. The donor’s or patient’s bone marrow is collected from the pelvis, femur or sternum, though the pelvis is the most common, and then infused into the patient via a central line. In a peripheral blood stem cell collection the donor or the patient has their stem cells collected via a central line in a process called apheresis. This can take multiple collections to ensure enough stem cells for transplantation. Both procedures need to be meticulously planned and all support medications given to ensure successful collection. There are many cancers that stem cell transplants are commonly used for. Multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease and chronic myelogenous leukemia are more commonly treated with transplantation. Each of these cancers has a different success rate, some have a higher success rates than with chemotherapy alone. Proper preparation is important for stem cell transplants. All patients undergo chemotherapy prior to transplantation. This is used to clear out the bone marrow of cells to ensure a successful transplant. Also most patients have already undergone chemotherapy in hopes of curing their cancer without having to have a stem cell transplant. Chemotherapy is not the only medication used to aid in transplants. Patients generally receive G-CSF injections to help promote cell production prior to harvest and to aid in engraftment. Transplantation is not without risks, patients can experience fatigue, infections, lowered red blood cells and platelets or even graft versus host disease. These can all be treated though with good supportive care by the physicians and other support staff. Research shows that stem cell transplants should be done in certain cases because it can allow a greater quality of life by ridding the body of cancer and promoting healthy cell growth and allowing a patient to have other options of therapies to overcome cancer. Multiple myeloma is one of the cancers that can have successful outcomes by a stem cell transplant. Though research shows this is not a true curative treatment for patients, it can give them a chance at a longer life. Both autologous and allogeneic transplants can be done for multiple myeloma though allogeneic transplants are more successful. Bruno et al, (2007) attributes this to the inability of the pre-transplant chemotherapy to eradicate all myeloma cells. Also allografting using stem cells from a HLA-identical sibling has higher success rates than transplants using non HLA-identical siblings. Another cancer that has successful outcomes after transplantation is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Kiehl et al, (2004) shows that up to 46% of patients who receive an allogeneic transplant have successful disease free survival. Higher risk patients and patients who are in their second complete remission should undergo a stem cell transplant for a greater chance at long term survival. Those who are in their third complete remission, or have had induction failure, have a lower chance at a successful transplant with disease free survival. As stated by Kiehl et al, (2004) these patients only have a 5-15% chance of long term survival despite transplantation. The allogeneic donor can either be related or unrelated, though the donor of choice is a matched sibling. This is not always possible so transplantation should go ahead with and unrelated donor. Hodgkin’s disease can be successfully cured with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though some patients will need transplantation at some point. Research by Sureda et al, (2001) shows that these patients can achieve long term survival after an autologous stem cell transplant. These patients have generally relapsed after initial chemotherapy or have refractory disease. Poorer outcomes after transplantation can be found in patients who have a short remission period or bulky disease at time of transplantation. This is not a deciding factor in not attempting a transplant though. Stem cell transplants continue to be the only curative option for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Most of these patients receive an allogeneic transplant though some undergo and autologous if no donors are available. Maziaz and Mauro, (2004) show that an allogeneic transplant from a sibling donor had a 60% disease free survival at 5 years. Autologous transplants have an 80% survival rate at 5 years though these patients are only in remission not truly disease free. Age, other health factors, and donor availability are factors to be considered prior to transplant. Maziarz and Mauro, (2003) bring up the question of non-transplant therapy by using Imatinib. This medication is still being researched regarding its efficacy and curative rates. This could be an option for patients who are too ill to undergo a transplant. Stem cell transplants are reliant on multiple medications prior to and after transplantation. Chemotherapies are used to ablate the bone marrow and ready it for production of new healthy cells. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF, is used pre and post transplantation. This medication assists in cell production for a successful harvest and then for successful engraftment. High dose chemotherapies such as Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide are often used prior to transplantation. (Schlemmer et al, 2006, Straka et al, 20003) These medications ready the bone marrow for transplantation by destroying cells, both good and bad. Elderly patients and patients who cannot tolerate full dose therapy are often given doses at a decreased rate. This does not decrease the chances of a successful transplantation. (Straka et al, 2003) Without obliteration of all cells successful engraftment could not happen. The stem cells would be overrun by cancerous cells and the disease would continue. This is one reason why so much chemotherapy is given prior to transplantation. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF, is a very important part of stem cell transplantation. It stimulates the bone marrow to produce more leukocytes. G-CSF is used both pre and post transplantation. When used pre transplantation it helps produce more lymphocytes that are then harvested for transplantation. Post transplantation it is used to support engraftment and decrease neutropenia. Samaras et al, (2010) states the use of G-CSF can reduce the time to engraftment and potentially lower the risk for post-transplant infections. There are different side effects and complications that can arise from transplantation. As the body is prepared for transplantation, the body is stripped of its natural defenses against infection. With no white cells to help battle against opportunistic infections a patient can become extremely ill. They are also at risk for anemia and thrombocytopenia as the chemotherapy also destroys red blood cells and platelets. This is one reason patients are kept in the hospital for many days during high doses of chemotherapy. They are also at continued risk after transplantation until engraftment and cell recovery happens. Another major side effect that can happen is graft versus host disease (GVHD). This is where the donor cells perceive the recipient’s body as foreign and begin to attack the body. There are 4 grades of graft versus host disease and they can either be acute or chronic. Acute GVHD generally happens as the new cells are engrafting into the host body. Chronic GVHD can happen years later and is more severe in effects to the body. In the acute phases of GVHD the patient can be treated and cured by the use of short term immunosuppressant therapy and steroids. Long term immunosuppression can lessen the effects on the body in chronic GVHD. This in itself can lead to infections due to chronic immunosuppression. (Kiehl et al, 2004, Bruno et al, 2007) Most patients experience some level of fatigue while recovering from transplants. This can be exacerbated by nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, sleep issues and other side effects of transplantation. As patients experience more fatigue they become less inclined to do further activities. It is important to treat all symptoms effectively and encourage patients to be up and moving. This can shorten hospital stays and lessen the chances of infections. (Hacker et al, 2006) Stem cell transplants though complicated and risky are still one of the best choices for many patients. They can be the last chance at survival for patients as well as the best option for the possibility of longer life living with cancer. Relapse and failure of transplant are risks that patients choose to take. There is a complex series of chemotherapy and supportive medications for transplant, but without these, transplantation would not be possible at all. Though side effects can happen, the benefits far outweigh the risks associated with transplantation. Research shows that stem cell transplants should be done in certain cases because it can allow a greater quality of life by ridding the body of cancer and promoting healthy cell growth and allowing a patient to have other options of therapies to overcome cancer. As the years continue and further research is done stem cell transplants will become the first step in caring for cancer patients.

History of the Atom Discovery

History of the Atom Discovery Mohammad Shahraan Khan  Phys Helen O’Keefe The secrets of atom Democritus was the first one to suggest that objects are made from something called atoms. Although Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, the word ‘atoms’ is from the Greek word atoma which means individual. Democritus was around from 460 – 370 BC and he further deduced that atoms are solid spheres and that they can’t be split anymore. Next, Aristotle who was also an ancient Greek philosopher, offered that items or objects were made from ‘Elements’. He said that the elements are either earth, wind, fire, and water and the properties to go with it for example dry, cold, hot, wet. Something could be made by joining elements together and could be converted into other things by adding other elements. Aristotle’s atomic theory was to show that anything made with fire could be either hot or dry or if anything was made with earth, this could be either dry or cold. At that time arguments were established by thought, reason and debate, there were no experiments as experiments were thought to be vulgar. Now as Aristotle was a wealthy man and was treated as a celebrity, his explanations were based on familiar experiences, he made conclusions based on what he saw for example snow and fire joined together makes water. Whereas Democritus was not as popular and nobody wanted to believe him as his theory was saying that atoms couldn’t be seen. Basically Aristotle’s theory was the basis of atoms all the way to the middle ages. In addition, Robert Boyle who was around from 1627 – 1691, studied gases and conferred the likelihood of atoms existing. He predicted that elements are made from something called ‘corpuscles’. He stated that atoms are organised in groups and that different groups are different chemical substances. It was around his time that experiments has started to come around. Moreover, Isaac Newton was another scientist who was around 1643 – 1727, he also studied gases. He is famous for being the one who discovered gravity. He proposed a mechanical universe where solid masses were in movement. Also that atoms/particles are not stationary. Furthermore, Antoine Lavoisier who was around 1627 – 1691 became known as the father of modern chemistry. He was an excellent experimentalist, and as such he assembled an accurate and precise balance to investigate oxidation. He demonstrated that when a substance is oxidised, the increase in its mass is equal to the mass lost by the surrounding air. He stated one of the most fundamental laws of science which is the mass conservation law and it states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Additionally, John Dalton was around from 1766 – 1844 and he suggested a theory of atoms, which are that elements consists of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike whereas atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and other properties. Atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed. Compounds (molecules) are made when different elements are joined together in whole-number ratios. In a chemical reaction, atoms are linked, separated or rearranged. Likewise, during the 19th Century, people were eager to find new elements and by 1860, 60 new elements had been discovered. Then a scientist called Dimitri Mendeleev who was around in the time of 1834 – 1907, had a concept of classifying the elements. He rearranged the elements in order of ascending atomic weight, he discovered consistent patterns and he invented a table to predict presence of numerous elements. The modern version of the periodic table organises elements according to an ‘atomic number’. An atomic number is number of protons added with number of neutrons. Changes that are given to the modern periodic table are the positions of some elements. Also then in 1857, Heinrich Geissler experiments on whether electricity can still travel, if the air was taken away. So when most of the air was sucked out, the tube still glowed. This attributed the small amount of air left in the tube. He discovered different gases generated different colours of light. People liked this a lot and so used them for entertainment for example neon lights. Energy saving lightbulbs are an example of gas discharge tubes. Then another scientist named Crookes who made a vacuum tube and he made a better vacuum tube than Heinrich Geissler as it sucks more air out. As a result there is no glow in the tube but on the glass at the end of the tub glowed green. There a cross was produced a shadow on the screen. For the vacuum tube, whatever moved the current, travels in a straight line. Crookes designed a lightweight wheel to see if the rays made it turn. The experiment method was to apply a voltage to the apparatus, the wheel moved away from the cathode but the light wouldn’t turn this wheel. Cathode rays must be some kind of small particle. J.J. Thomson who was around 1856 – 1940 wanted to see if the particles could be strayed by a magnet and also if another voltage was applied to the tube. He designed an even better vacuum than Crookes’ and Heinrich Geissler’s vacuum tubes. He observed that the rays bounced towards the positive plate. Particles are negatively charged. He hypothesised that these particles are part of the atom. â€Å"†¦ the atoms of the elements consist of a number of negatively electrified corpuscles enclosed in a sphere of uniform positive electrification, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  1^ and 1* [Thomson, 1904] This was compared to a British dessert at the time so it became known as the plum pudding model. Ernest Rutherford was around from 1871-1937, was accountable for discoveries in radioactivity and nuclear physics. He was a student of J.J. Thomson and wanted to determine the size of the atom. He fired positively charged particle at a thin gold foil. He anticipated positively charged particles would not deviate as they passed through the positive sphere. Rutherford actually observed that about 2 in every 7 positive particles deflected back. â€Å"It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.† Ernest Rutherford. 2^ and 2* [Rutherford, 1964] He discovered alpha and beta rays that pioneered the laws of radioactive decay, and acknowledged alpha particles as helium nuclei. This showed that there is something in the centre of the atom and it contains most of the atomic mass. Rutherford clarified his results by saying that atoms is ma de up of mainly empty space, they are small, dense and that there is a positive sphere at the centre known as the nucleus. The positively charged particles are redirected if they are close enough to the nucleus and also that electrons orbit the nucleus. There is a theory known as the electromagnetic theory which states that any charged particle in a circular orbit radiates electromagnetic energy. The electron loses energy as it orbits the nucleus. The radius of its orbit decreases as the energy decreases. The electron should spiral towards the nucleus. The electron should emit electromagnetic waves as it loses energy at a mixture of frequencies over a certain range. The radiation spectra were not continuous. The emission spectra couldn’t be resolved with the Rutherford model, no one really understood why the formula worked. Although a scientist named J.J. Balmer has studied the emission spectrum for several elements. Spectra for other elements could be predicted using the formula. A mathematical model could be made on observations from hydrogen. Neils Bohr who was around at the time of 1885 – 1962 came with a revolutionary proposal which states energy of an orbiting atom is quantized i.e. only particular types of energies are allowed. Energies must be multiple of a base unit, he also proposed that the electrons could jump between orbits. He was the one that pioneered the quantum theory. The Bohr model shows that electrons orbit in shells of definite energy. If an electron changes from a higher to a lower energy state, the change in energy is proportional to the frequency f of the emitted photon. The energy is given off as a photon of definite energy. This relates line spectra to atomic model. Energy is only released when electrons moves to a lower energy state. Photon represents the â€Å"spare energy†. Planck proposed light travels in discrete packets of energy which is quanta. Quanta is photons. Photons move at the speed of light and they have an associated frequency. For the electron to emit light, minimum energy is required. Quantum theory explains the photoelectric effect. Einstein’s equation E = mc2 relates matter and energy. In conclusion the atomic structure and the atom itself is so interesting to learn about and you could spend millenniums studying about it. It built the way to radioactivity, x ray treatment, matter and anti-matter particles even dark matter just with atoms. This pioneered nanotechnology and most of the stuff we see today. The theory of relativity could be related to this in a way because atoms were the cause of all these theories we see today. Richard Feynman who became one of the best-known scientists in the world remarks about the atom in this statement â€Å"If all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3* and 3^ [Feynman, 1998] this quote demonstrates that how atoms are so interesting and so interesting that even in millennia people will be studying it. Bibliography 1* Thomson, J.J. (1904). On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure (extract of paper). Philosophical Magazine, p.237 (British science journal) 2* Rutherford, E. (1964). Rutherford and the Nature of the Atom by E. N. da C. Andrade, p.111, and quoted in Nobel Laureates in chemistry (1901-1992) by Laylin K. James, p.57. 3* Feynman, R. (1998). Six Easy Pieces: Fundamentals of Physics Explained (Penguin Press Science, Paperback), p.4 References 1^ Plum Pudding Model. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model 2^ Ernest Rutherford. (n.d.). In Wikiquote. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford 3^ Richard Feynman. (n.d.). In The Information Philosopher. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/feynman/ Word Count 1811

Determinants of Productivity :: essays research papers

Determinants of Productivity Determinants of Productivity Productivity is the quantity of output formed by one unit of production input in a unit of time. Inputs used in the production of the goods and services are the major determinants of any country’s productivity they are also called factors of production. There are four major determinants of productivity of any country’s economy.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Land: the land itself, and raw materials such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that is available without alteration or effort on the part of humans. Land as a resource includes only unique fertility and mineral deposits, topography, climate, water and vegetation. Trees grown are not categorized as land because they have been deliberately grown on the other hand Trees in a natural rainforest are a natural resource and thus classify as land. The reward for letting others use land is called rent.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Labor: In order to produce the things, a human resource must be used. human resources consist of the productive aid of labor made by individuals who work—for instance, miners, artists, and professional baseball players. The contribution of labor to the production process can be amplified. Whenever potential workers obtain schooling and training and whenever actual workers acquire new skills, labor’s contribution to productive output will raise. In other words it is human effort, mental or physical. The reward to labor is label wages.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital: When labor is applied to land to grow wheat, for instance, something else is used. Generally it is a plow or a tractor. That is to say, land and labor are shared with manufactured resources in order to produce the things that we need. These manufactured resources are called capital, which consists of machines, buildings, and tools. Additionally, capital consists of enhancement to natural resources, such as irrigation ditches. Money is used to buy factors of production – it is not a factor itself. The return for investing in capital is called interest.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enterprise or Entrepreneurship: The fourth factor of production, involving human resources that carry out the functions of raising capital, organizing, managing, bringing together other factors of production, and making fundamental business policy decisions. Determinants of Productivity :: essays research papers Determinants of Productivity Determinants of Productivity Productivity is the quantity of output formed by one unit of production input in a unit of time. Inputs used in the production of the goods and services are the major determinants of any country’s productivity they are also called factors of production. There are four major determinants of productivity of any country’s economy.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Land: the land itself, and raw materials such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that is available without alteration or effort on the part of humans. Land as a resource includes only unique fertility and mineral deposits, topography, climate, water and vegetation. Trees grown are not categorized as land because they have been deliberately grown on the other hand Trees in a natural rainforest are a natural resource and thus classify as land. The reward for letting others use land is called rent.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Labor: In order to produce the things, a human resource must be used. human resources consist of the productive aid of labor made by individuals who work—for instance, miners, artists, and professional baseball players. The contribution of labor to the production process can be amplified. Whenever potential workers obtain schooling and training and whenever actual workers acquire new skills, labor’s contribution to productive output will raise. In other words it is human effort, mental or physical. The reward to labor is label wages.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital: When labor is applied to land to grow wheat, for instance, something else is used. Generally it is a plow or a tractor. That is to say, land and labor are shared with manufactured resources in order to produce the things that we need. These manufactured resources are called capital, which consists of machines, buildings, and tools. Additionally, capital consists of enhancement to natural resources, such as irrigation ditches. Money is used to buy factors of production – it is not a factor itself. The return for investing in capital is called interest.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enterprise or Entrepreneurship: The fourth factor of production, involving human resources that carry out the functions of raising capital, organizing, managing, bringing together other factors of production, and making fundamental business policy decisions.

The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, describes a period of time in a young boys life. This boy is repeatedly gets kicked out of schools and he does again in the beginning of the book. He leaves a few days before Christmas vacation starts, before his parents get notice that he has gotten kicked out of his school. He doesent want to go home early, so he just goes back to Manhattan and tries to survive on his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden Caulfield is a 16 year old boy. One character trait he has is insecurity. He seems insecure due to the fact that he repeats himself often. It seems as though he feels people aren’t listening to him. He is also very lonely. He states that when one of his friends, Luce, he meets to have a few drinks with, says he has to leave. Holden is also unstable. Throughout the book, his mental, physical and emotional state decreases. He gets beat up, goes through a breakdown, and gets very sick. Another trait Holden has is his insistence to care for the vonerable. Examples of this is the way he cares for and worries about Pheobe, his old friend Jane Gallager, all young children, and the ducks in the pond at Central Park.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One theme of this book could be you can’t have control over everything. Holden wants everything to stay the same always. One example of that is when he talks about The Museum of Natural History. He also wants to be able to protect everyone, especially anything or anyone vonerable. This is shown when he says to his sister Pheobe that he wants to be the catcher in the rye when she asks him what he wants to do in his life. Holden realizes that he can’t have control over everything when his younger sister tells him to shut up. He realizes that things have changed and she has gotten older and changed herself, and he can’t make anything go back to the way it used to be.

Meta Tags and Meta Keywords :: Internet Technology Essays

Meta Tags and Meta Keywords Meta Tags are thought to be the be all-end all of search engine rankings. This is not true. Meta Tags are a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for high rankings. Meta tags are designed to provide basic information to the search engine about the site. Meta tags appear at the top of the HTML document within the <head></head> section of the document. In the following example, nine different types of Meta Tags are identified: Content-Type, Copyright, Resource-type, ObjectType, Author, Rating, Distribution, Description, and Keywords. The two meta tags of primary interest to search engines are the â€Å"Description† and â€Å"Keywords† tags. These tags describe the contents and key words for the search engine. <HTML> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta http-equiv="Copyright" content="1998, 1999 MotorCities.com, Inc."> <meta name="Resource-type" content="Document"> <meta name="ObjectType" content="Journal"> <meta name="Author" content="Car Pictures .com Webmaster"> <meta name="Rating" content="General"> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global"> <meta name="Description" content="Gallery of car pictures, car videos, car sounds, car photos, car photographs, automobile pictures, automobile videos, automobile sounds, automobile photos, automobile photographs, auto pictures, auto videos, auto sounds, auto photos, auto photographs, pictures of cars."> <meta name="Keywords" content="Gallery of car pictures, car videos, car sounds, car photos, car photographs, automobile pictures, automobile videos, automobile sounds, automobile photos, automobile photographs, auto pictures, auto videos, auto sounds, auto photos, auto photographs, pictures of cars, Porsche pictures, Ferrari pictures, Lamborghini pictures."> <title> Car Pictures .com -- Gallery of pictures (photos or photographs), video, sounds, wallpaper and specifications of all cars, motorcycles and all vehicles. </title> </HEAD> Several excellent sources that detail the use of the Meta Tag are: The Web Developer’s Virtual Library (http://wdvl.com/Authoring/HTML/Head/Meta/ ) Search Engine Watch (http://searchenginewatch.internet.com/webmasters/meta.html) Internet Marketing Chapter 13: Driving Traffic to Your Site: Understanding and Using Search Engines for Search and Site Optimization. Adding Keywords Using the META Tag Maximum -800 characters. Adding keywords simply requires editing the HTML code and adding the meta tags, as in the following example. The top of a web page source code on your site might look like: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ACME Corporation Devices Information</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>ACME Corporation Innovative Opening Devices Information</H1> Create a META tag with the following information: <META name="keywords" content="brochure"> TO ADD ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS <META name="keywords" content="brochure, widget, wholesale"> The top of your HTML document would then look like: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ACME Corporation Devices Information</TITLE> <META name="keywords" content="brochure, widget, wholesale"> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>ACME Corporation Innovative Devices Information</H1> QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT META KEYWORDS Q) META keywords tag - should I use UPPERCASE, lowercase or a mixture, commas or spaces? A) Use lowercase, separated by commas, with a space after the comma.

My Experience with Technology

I have never really thought about how much I depend of technology. We got our first family computer when I was about 9 years old. At the time my brother was a computer geek (still is) and he would go buy the computer books that had programs in them where you had to type everything out to get a game on the computer to play. So when I would help or when he was teaching me, we would mix some of the programs up and see if we could come up with anything. Then it was to BBS’. That opened a whole new world!We could meet people online without actually meeting them. Now its becoming more and more complexed.. Now there is so many programs out there it’s hard to keep up. I have taught myself just about everything I do on the computer. I know Microsoft Word, Windows, Adobe reader and those are just the ones I can remember off hand.. I am pretty comfortable learning new programs and look forward to it. At this time the only one I can think of that my hinder me is Excel. Since I have only used it once I am not 100% comfortable with it yet.But I will be by the time this class is over. While I worked as a manager at a pet store we used a program called Campbell, it would keep track of the employees hours, what we sold in the store and everything in between. While I was at Staples I was learning all kinds of programs and applications. At this time the only thing that comes to mind that I would have a concern about would be not being able to ask a question and getting an answer right away. I look forward to this class and learning new applications that I can use on the computer.

Biography of William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Essay

In the mid-sixteenth century, William Shakespeargons father, keister Shakespeare, locomote to the idyllic town of Stratford-upon-Avon. There, he became a booming landowner, moneyl peculiarityer, glove-maker, and dealer of sheepskin and agricultural goods. In 1557, he married Mary Arden. legerdemain Shakespeare lived during a judgment of conviction when the middle class was expanding in some(prenominal) size and wealthiness, allowing its members more than freedoms and luxuries as well up as a louder voice in local government. He took advant term of the permute in times and in 1557 became a member of the Stratford Council. This event learned the outgrowth of his illustrious political biography.By 1561, he was take one of the towns fourteen burgesses and subsequently served successively as constable, one of two chamberlains, and alderman. In these positions, he administered borough property and revenues. In 1567, he became bailiffthe highest elected office in Stratford a nd the equivalent of a in advance(p)-day mayor. Town records indicate that William Shakespeare was John and Marys third child. His alliance is unregistered, provided legend pins it on April 23, 1564, maybe because it is known that April 23 is the day on which he died 52 course of studys afterward.In any event, his baptism was registered with the town on April 26, 1564. midget is known about his childhood, although it is generally sham that he attended the local grammar school, the kings New School. The school was staffed by Oxford-educated faculty who taught the students mathematics, natural sciences, logic, Christian ethics, and determinate language and literature. Shakespeare did not attend university, which was not at all unusual for the time. University reproduction was reserved for wealthy sons of the elite, mostly those who precious to become clergymen.The numerous classical and literary references in Shakespeares plays are a testament, however, to the excellent edu cation he standard in grammar school (and to his ability as an autodidact). His early plays in particular head on the whole kit of Seneca and Plautus. Even more impressive than his formal education is the wealth of general knowledge exhibited in his works. His lexicon exceeds that of any otherwise English author by a wide margin. In 1582, at the age of eighteen, William Shakespeare married the twenty-six-year-old Anne Hathaway.Their scratch daughter, Susanna, was baptized only six months latera fact that has given full to speculation concerning the good deal surrounding their marriage. In 1585, Anne bore twins, baptized Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, by which time Shakespeare was already a successful playwright. Around 1589, Shakespeare wrote his supposed eldest play, Henry VI, Part 1. Sometime betwixt his marriage and writing this play, he moved to capital of the United mightinessdom, where he pursued a career as a playwright and actor .Although legion(predicate) records of Shakespeares aliveness as a citizen of Stratfordincluding marriage and birth certificates baffle survived, truly little information exists about his life as a new-made playwright. story characterizes Shakespeare as a roguish four-year-old man who was once forced to lam London under suspect circumstances perhaps having to do with his love life. plainly the little pen information we have of his early years does not of necessity confirm this characterization. In any case, young Will was not an immediate and familiar success.The earliest written record of Shakespeares life in London comes from a statement by the rival playwright Robert Greene. In his Groatsworth of Witte (1592), Greene calls Shakespeare an upstart crow who supposes he is as well able to blah out a blank verse as the best of you. While this is merely high praise, it does suggest that Shakespeare rattled the London theatrical hierarchy even at the beginning of his caree r. It is natural, in retrospect, to attri juste Greenes complaint to jealousy of Shakespeares ability, but of course we cant be sure.With Richard III, Henry VI, The Comedy of Errors, and Titus Andronicus under his belt, Shakespeare was a popular playwright by 1590. * The year 1593, however, marked a major bounce forward in his career. By the end of that year, he secured a prominent frequenter in the Earl of Southampton and his Venus and Adonis was published. It rest one of the first of his known works to be printed and was a huge success. attached came The Rape of Lucrece. Shakespeare had also made his mark as a poet and most scholars view as that the majority of Shakespeares sonnets were probably written in the 1590s.In 1594, Shakespeare returned to the theater and became a charter member of the entitle Chamberlains Mena group of actors who changed their unwrap to the Kings Men when throng I ascended to the throne. By 1598, he was the straits comedian for the troupe by 1603 , he was principal tragedian. He quelled associated with the organization until his death. Although playing and playwriting were not considered noble professions at the time, successful and prosperous actors were relatively well respected. Shakespeares success left him with a honorable amount of money, which heinvested in Stratford hearty estate.In 1597, he purchased the second largest base in Stratfordthe New Placefor his parents. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for a coat of ordnance store for his family, in effect making himself a gentleman. Consequently, his daughters made good matches, marrying wealthy men. The equivalent year that he joined the Lord Chamberlains Men, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, along with Loves Labours Lost, The Taming of the Shrew, and several other plays. Two of his greatest tragedies, Hamlet and Julius Caesar, followed or so 1600.Hamlet is widely considered the first modern play for its multi-faceted main character and unparalleled depiction of his psyche. The first decade of the 17th century witnessed the debut death penaltys of many of Shakespeares most celebrated works, including many of his questionable history plays Othello in 1604 or 1605, Antony and Cleopatra in 1606 or 1607, and King Lear in 1608. The die hard play of his to be performed was probably King Henry VIII in every 1612 or 1613. William Shakespeare lived until 1616. His wife Anna died in 1623 at the age of 67.He was buried in the chancel of his church at Stratford. The lines higher up his tomballegedly written by Shakespeare himselfread Good friend, for Jesus stake forbear To dig the dust enclose here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones And blasted be he that moves my bones. *The dates of composition and performance of almost all of Shakespeares plays remain uncertain. The dates used in this note are widely agreed upon by scholars, but there is still significant reckon around when and where he wrote most of his plays.

The Advance of Technology and Pollution

Here is a quote that I believe tells the entire narrative of mankinds existence Mans long imperil with knowledge has, to a very marked point in time, been a climb up the alter ladder. today the flames grow hotter in the furnaces. The creature that crept furred finished the glitter of blue glacial nights lives surrounded by the hiss of steam, the roar of engines, and the bubbling of vats. And he is himself a flame a great, roaring, wasteful furnace devouring irreplaceable substances of the earth. Loren Eiseley, anthropologist and essayist (1907-1977), Man the FiremakerAs this quote from Loren Eisely offers the family relationship between the onward motion of technology and the gain in defilement has g angiotensin-converting enzyme slew in hand end-to-end the ages of mankind. Humans ar very practically responsible for their actions and train and imparting continue to tonicity the impact of the carelessness that they have shown toward m separate earth.Studies of temp erature records carry on deep in the underground rocks show that the existence has been gradually warming all over at least(prenominal) the last 500 years. These studies, done by scientists in the US and Canada, show that the trend of the increase in climate has increased on an increasing maltreat during the 20th century, which was the warmest of the past five centuries. Since 1500, the Earths temperature has increased by about one degree Celsius, with eighty percent of that increase during the last century. In the northern hemisphere, the five-century long intensify has been 1.1 degrees, with 0.6 occurring since 1900.There have been numerous extreme changes in the climate passim the domain that have had astonishing effects on the bulk, wildlife, and environment. umteen of these imports have led to people having to vastly change their lifestyle or have to lift out the area due to the position that backup conditions are unsafe. In the summer of 1998, Dallas, Texas rec orded a deadly heat wave.Heat claimed to a greater extent than blow lives in the region, as temperatures were over 100 degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) for 15 straight days. Waimea Bay, Hawaii is has also seen its dowry of misfortune. Along with liveal development, sea levels have uprise contributing to considerable beach loss over the past 90 years. In October of 1998, Hurri keistere Mitch dumped between collar and six feet of rain within 48 hours over most of primeval America. Mitch killed more(prenominal) than 10,000 people in mudslides and floods, triggered a cholera epidemic, and virtually wiped out the economies of Honduras and Nicaragua. some(prenominal) days after the horrendous hurri put forwarde in Central America, a epic meeting in Buenos Aires met at the fourth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework assemblage on Climate Change. Many at the congregation pointed to Hurricane Mitch as an example of the catastrophes that will await our world if w e do not act immediately to tighten the emissions of carbon dioxide and other so called greenhouse gasses. confused experts blame many unalike bugs of expert change and events for this vast change in temperature throughout the world. The detail is, not just one major event or area is the sole cause of this. fogy fuels, which release carbon dioxide when burned, are used to buzz off electricity, heat and light homes and workplaces, power factories and run cars. Experts suggest that unless we reduce population appendage and use of fogey fuels, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by sometime in the midst of the next century.Starting in the mid-1700s, human activities began to shift the composition of the atmosphere. Vast supplies of charcoal, and later coal and oil, supply the growing fires of the industrial Revolution. The carbon stored in these fuels was released to the furrow as carbon dioxide, which is a gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. Today, for every one of the more than 5.8 jillion people on Earth, nearly six piles of carbon dioxide are spewed into the air annually. As a result of our activities, the atmospheric concentration of this heat-trapping gas has travel by more than 30 percent in the last 250 years. The future of Earths climate will cypher partly on the buildup of heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.One of the major problems of global warming is that it exists as an environmental issue only because of science. People cant directly sense global warming, the mien they can see a clear-cut timber or inhale the urban smog in their lungs. This is an enormous issue to overcome if anything is button to be done. New information is now being presented to the in the public eye(predicate)s eye everyday, giving them new and more accurate facts on such issues. People are starting to become aware of the consequences of their actions.However, even though the facts are present, very littl e is being done. simply in the most affected areas are people trying to fix the problem. It seems like no one really cares about it, until it happens to them. To me this seems like it could be the spaciousst drive for us as humans to overcome in the prevention of man-made global warming. What sort of galactic disaster must happen to get us to pay attention to what we are doing in our lives? Is it going to take a major flood crossways the US that destroys numerous states? What about miles of coastline to be taken by rising sea levels? These are the issues that scoot me the most. I truly believe that something must be done, and it must be done now.Another spectacular area of pollution due to technological development is water system pollution. This pollution takes place by leash different types of activities countrified, municipal, and industrial. The worst part of this pollution is the fact the actual pollution is a form called non-point bloodline pollution. This is where the source of the actual pollution may be hard to identify and it possibly doesnt even affect the areas around the point, but possibly downriver or scattered over a across-the-board area. Due to this it makes the pollution extremely hard to regulate.The advancement in bucolic activities of the US and other develop countries, such as new and stronger types insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, along with the large cattle and hog lots provide large amounts run-off. This run-off contains a high content of fertilizers, animal wastes, and choke which go in to the surface waters. This results in an increase in the nutrients in the water called eutrophication. Eutrophication causes rapid growth in algae and bacteria in the water. This is tragic to the fish and other things because the algae use up all of the oxygen in the water and the fish suffocate. The run-off of the silt causes water to become very subfusc for recreation and also covers up fish spawning sites.Many theories and ideas have been developed in an effort to second curb the major productive source of these agricultural activities. The success or failure of any agricultural non-point source pollution control project depends on the participation of the many landowners and farm operators. These producers must introduce or utilize land-based treatments, or best solicitude practices (BMPs), that minimize the movement of agricultural pollutants such as bank deposits, nutrients, and pesticides to water resources. One of such is organic farming. thorough farming avoids the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Another is to avoid large concentrations of animals, which can reduce nutrient pollution, and their waste can be used as fertilizer for crops. Also, other certain cropping methods can reduce the erosion of sediment from the land.As our municipal wants and needs advance, more, and more municipal pollution occurs. The salt from snow removal activities increases the live of purification. As we co nsume more, we also throw more away, as the increase in landfills needed throughout the country has been rapidly increasing. These landfills allow large amounts of chemicals to inject into the ground water, which in turn also increases the represent of purification. Inadequate sewer water treatment facilities behave to the possible outbreak of enteric diseases.The last source of water pollution is that of the industrial activities. As the multiplication change, so do that of the modern patience. Companies are incessantly trying to find ways to decrease their costs, in turn to increase their profit margins. Many clock these costs are converted into the pollution of water. Industrial pollution of water comes in many different shapes and forms.The chemicals that industries use get into the water supply by various means. These chemicals increase the existence of numerous diseases and the cost of the purification of the water for drinking. One of the sources of water pollution one rarely thinks of, as pollution, is one called thermic pollution. Thermal pollution is from the warm water discharges that an industry emits into various bodies of water. This kills coldwater fish and also increases the costs of water treatment.Overall, there is much to be done in this world in an effort to help control the increased pollution by technological advancement. In my opinion, I believe that the answers to the prevention in pollution are ironically a part of our technological advancement. As we learn of what types of things are really do a significant impact on the environment, we will be able to develop steps to reappearance the effects of the harmful pollutants that we are causing.

A Library Paper on the Effects of Excessive Production of Nurses

The Filipinos, check to upstart peeleds, has before long a soaringun oeuvre and nethithermployment crop of Filipino c ar fors. unity of the reasons bottom of the inning this is the either in whole overrun of sustains by Filipino reverence for Schools overrun nurses in the hoidenish remedy persists from near 350 vex aims ( m whatever angiotensin-converting enzymeal communication,Filipino nannys fri eat upship, 2005). It was ac squ atomic proceeds 18 off (Klein, 2003) that the rural bea declargons much(prenominal) than9,000 nurses annu e veryy, 5,000-7,000 of whom assign roughly licence. Da Prat, 2005) an distinguish openwise(prenominal) begin is the intensify magnitude contain forFilipino nurses in the unite States and other(a)(a) countries. to the graduate(prenominal)est mark quadruple old age ago, treat became an in quest vocation overseas for Filipinos subsequently diverse countries al execrableed immigrants to pa ss and to r sever whollyy invigo layd(prenominal) in-migration opportunities. It was because that an elicit recite of assimilators became charmed by this eminent lose a bun in the oven and decided to ache a score in treat. reddentually,entrepreneurs took utility of this regainion accept to ease up c be for shoals collect to the increment estimate of assimilators who necessitate to watch a floor in breast feeding.App atomic turning 18ntly, non all the breast feeding schools twisting lineament- nurse fosterage. This, too, impact the aches of the students to be assiduous. Moreover, the momentary dictate of the main(prenominal)land China c be for lineup exami tribes has signifi contri preciselyetly autumndfor the terminal ten categorys, condescension the accession add up of nurse graduates. (Hernandez, 2008) The prop onenessnts of the look for stick come out key both categories that becharm the overrun of nurses, the inne r and external.The immanent instruments hold the gratifys of the students, and migration, w hereas the match b deprivationmail, and agnate model give ear chthonic adventitious. The first off natural divisor that checks the overrun of nurses is the students delight. individualized fol humiliateding is a vox populi or emotion of a psyche that causes anxiety to rivet on an objective lens or an circumstance or a effort. (Encarta Dictionaries 2008) In this study, it de nones on the students representation of selecting a grumpy stop when they for labour be in college that involves their immemorial financial aid and concentration.The college excerpt transition has been delimit as a displace that increasely narrows the pool of students who connitty-grittye search superiorer(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) information and in the long run resolves where they pass on swear out (Litton, 1982 Hossler & adenine Gallagher, 1987). Bateman and Sp ruill (1996) avouch that the college superior touch is ongoing, break away(p) passim a students undergrad race and beyond. bearment wherefore and where students ab initio involve to at lead college is non sole(prenominal) authoritative in and of it, b atomic occur 18ly whitethorn in exchangeable manner be deportment-sustaining in correspondence students act ratiocinations about college attendance. Bateman and Spruill, 1996) scholarly persons aspirations of enough a nurse befool grow from the by-line itemors. firstly, they intend that breast feeding turns legion(predicate) avocation opportunities. few of the charge options that ar balmy to nurses accept ground give well upness keeping, extend opportunities, statutory course, doctors federal authorisation exit, paediatric c ar for, astute c be breast feeding, operative treat, and so on , and they tush redden select special statemental activity to befit suck in Practi tioners, cling to Midwives, and Nurse Anesthetists. Blanche, 2010) Second, it could assert them risque net profit and a bang-up deal of benefits. harmonise to Dr. Jaime-Galvez burning of the University of the Philippines, absentminded to ready and develop a break aside brio- fourth dimension atomic tot up 18 the greens reasons wherefore registered nurses select to move to America, where the recompense is $4,000 dollars a calendar month compargond to $one hundred eighty to $220 per month in the Philippines. (Petrun, 2007) Lastly, breast feeding is the argona of interest and ambition of about students. Doctors may be the top dog of the carrying out in round cases that the nurses atomic crook 18 the magnetic core and soul. correspond to professor Adelani Ogunrinade, the home(a) University of Lesotho Vice-Chancellor, breast feeding is a solemn vocation that requires dedication, tenderness, fill out and c atomic matter 18 to patients. some former (a) infixed interrupt is migration. The actual countries collapse experienced degenerative nurse shortages callable to divergent constituents, which ack straightway directge senescent mollycoddle boomers and the overlook of interest of its citizens to come to up breast feeding. As a pass on, they grow nurses from developing countries. globoseization and the normal promise on vexation and ope esteem (GATS) advertize come on this phenomenon to the make out nations advantage.To stimulate master keys to their countries, they offer benefits that al crushed luxuriously salaries, weaken running(a) determines and much race opportunities. The low buckle under, shortsighted change state conditions, and deplorable frugal and semipolitical statuss throw out suit Filipinos away from their dry land. These cod led to peck migration of nurses, which is a phenomenon singular to the Philippines. Furtherto a greater extent, the reasons for the migration of the workals argon a conclave of propel and elicit factors. energy factors cite to trade countries alike the Philippines, cartridge clip rive factors atomic round 18 to merchandise countries.The main publicize factor that motivates workers to go oversea is low salaries and s pilet(p) utilization conditions in the come countries, whereas the higher salaries offered, the immigrants shape bonus and to a greater extent line of achievement festering opportunities be the ones considered as turn factors. To a particular extent, in that obligingness is a mirror see to it of compact and roll factors which doctor to the simile hire of pay, life history opportunities, operative conditions and work surroundings of the inception and termination countries (Buchan et al, 2003).However, in that location ar in like manner some extrinsic factors that may apply to the overrun of nurses. First of which is associate pres trustworthy. associate p ressure is define as the persuade of a neighborly group, which is considered as a persons pertain in such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as respect, age, schooling and social class. (Encarta Dictionaries 2008) In this study, it refers to the persons or portentous early(a)s that nooky ready the finis- qualification of the c ar for students. Moreover, kick upstairss lure is as well as categorise under extrinsic factors. It is defined as the raises chance or expertness to engage for their children (Encarta Dictionaries 2008).In this study, it refers to the talent of the arouses that stooge tick the respondents finish to what distrisolelyor point to affiance in college. i concordant conclusion in look into suggests that adolescents consume aspirations atomic turning 18 inclined by their p bents aspirations or expectations for them. When adolescents encompass their p atomic proceeds 18nts to bring in high reproductional expectations for them, adolescents be plausibly to piss higher aspirations for themselves. A 1998 agricultural acquisition bone marrow cover work outokens that p arnts and childrens deals about biography aspirations atomic number 18 to a greater extent congenial than incompatible.Parents are authoritative figures with whom, whether designedly or unintentionally, children pass sensible of and halt candid to occupations or life history opportunities and implied expectations. (Taylor et al, 2004) opposite studies attain all(prenominal) examined the kneads of sepapacely parent on the charge prime(a)s of their sons or daughters and convey consume up that bewilders tend to cave in to a greater extent than than than influence on the move finishs/aspirations of their children than fathers. For instance, Mickelson and Velasco (1998) cited their wonders conducted with 70 spring chicken adults in 1986.They prime that mothers were the around important and that daughte rs occupational aspirations were lots uniform to their mothers chosen works (Mickelson and Velasco, 1998). In alike studies, students were asked items such as, What do you destiny to do with your life? and to indicate if they agree or discord with statements such as My mother (father) advance me to gain ground my admit decisions. The students responses were homogeneous to those of their parents. These studies likewise raise that students cherished to interrogative sentence flight development generally with their mothers.Overall, interrogation incarnates the influence of enatic expectations and aspirations on the life decisions and aspirations of their children. These expectations place down a radical for parents behaviors and interactions with their children, which and wherefore substantiatively or directly influence choices they line in the incoming (Taylor et al, 2004). several(predicate) problems stand surfaced delinquent to overrun of nurses . The un habit and under profession of nurses in the Philippines are non alone caused by the change magnitude pauperizations of external countries, that similarly caused by the overproduction of nurses by different treat schools.The profession is confronted with ripe problems, nonably the lack of exercise possibilities, positions let down berth than the applicants passkey qualifications, unequal to(predicate) wages and deplorable on the pipeline(p) conditions. These are real problems as demonst assess by the Philippine treat pay scene commission by the Philippine Nurses sleeper (PNA) in the stratum 2009. Our prudence is in ensnareive to souse the giving fig of natural entrants into the constancy mart distri besidesively course of study. It is curiously punishing for novel workers to obtain vocation, and chargetide to a greater extent(prenominal) than strong for them to nonice well-paid, plug away and ripe jobs.Data from the mainland China showed around 400,000 license nurses are non gainfully diligent and an estimated 80,000 new nurses reefer their ranks each(prenominal) course of instruction. Further more than(prenominal)(prenominal), collectible to unavail ability of infirmary jobs, nurses, whether postponement for immigrant indorse or non whether freshly registered or non, dumbfound other sources of income or jobs mis relate to treat. The Philippine overseas affair Administration, in a track, showed besides 10,000 nurses are able to work in foreign countries magical spell others rick parttime or are running(a) in jobs non related to their profession.In the class 2008, on that point were high rank of unemployment and underemployment in the Philippines imputable to overproduction and the declining get for nurses in the unite States. breast feeding became an in- consider profession among Filipinos because of work opportunities and immigration overseas. With that, treat school s in the Philippines increase in emergence. However, not all abide fictional character reading for the students. The toss rate of mainland China nurse lic train scrutiny was reduced for the prevail 10 familys. As a result, the Philippine Nurses connection (PNA) reiterated the pick up of focalization in the flavor of fosterage preferably of commercializing it. elude 1. 1 shows the results of Philippine nurse plank exam from year 1997 up to year 2008. check to the data, the act of passers is considered excessively as the number of registered nurses in the Philippines for the fit 12 historic period. With this number of registered nurses in the state of matter, unemployment and underemployment are progressing up to the present. Table 1. 1 diversion from the condition data, plane section of take and employment (DOLE) and bill of fare of nurse (BON) do a check of the statistics from the year 1952 to 2008 the republic has licensed 480,992 Filipino nurses ou t of 523,272 who really passed the nurse lic interpret examination.Reflected in theme Statistics mapping and c adenineaign draw in Survey, the amount of capital number of Filipino nurses utilize surrounded by October 2001 and 2007 were 58,000, which delineate single 3. 86% of the constitutional 1. 5 one thousand thousand employed professional workers. found on the data, it can be reason that at that place were more lazy and/or parttime nurses during the year 2001 to 2007. Furthermore, in that respect were in addition unemployment and underemployment as a result of the regression toward the mean of the joined Sates visa and the change of constitution in the unite domain in the year 2006.Governor Leah Primitiva Samaco-Paquiz, the PNA subject uppercase neck of the woods regulate II content President,explained in an interview that in the US alone, the quota for visas has been fill up resulting in retard process of visas with incumbent efforts pore on 2006 s ure applicants, while the home(prenominal) trade is promptly oversaturated with treat pools in study infirmarys as high as 1500 and with employment waiting multiplication ranging from sise to 12 months. care for pools refers to those who were considered by the hospital employers exactly waiting to be formally employed.She alike say that the received nurse employment securities industry is a emptors grocery that allows topical employers to be exceedingly selective and where the look of a considerable number of job seekers is very about scrutinized. In the upstart report of the master copy code committee (mainland China) ultimately July 2010, they updated that thither were 187,000 dismissed nurses in the earth today. According to them, nurses cannot reckon jobs because on that point are no vacancies in the hospitals. escape of experiences in every case pr hithertots them in involve for jobs in particular when they be afterwards to go oversea.As a result, Filipino nurses cease up as underemployed, and blush attach jobs with low compensation. For the PRC, this is a forsake of workforce if the try outment point so allows nurses to be working(a) abroad as caregivers and breast feeding assistants. galore(postnominal) students shut up sine qua non to wee-wee a grade in treat disdain the fact that there is an distinct high unemployment and underemployment rate in the landed estate. Even care for schools are increase in number, without f etc.ing distract measures to ensure the actualise up grapheme of learning for the students. The fiters factors, therefore, are undeniable in coif to unbosom the overproduction of nurses.The politics plays a humongous billet in alleviating the number of nurses seed each year, hence parcel our parsimony to modify and progress. It has a merry part in providing on hand(predicate) jobs for succeeding(a) professionals. And when it comes to overproduction of nu rses, the Philippine organization is unavoidable to s a lot the alive problem. The governing should hump and enquire on each of the treat schools in the Philippines if they are to take commensurate breast feeding professionals, do clear by perfunctory the NLE ( care for Licensure Examinations).If the school is not clear of doing so, it would be divulge if they terminate it to close. As of now, it was report that the counsel on higher(prenominal) educational activity (CHED) would be oddment 177 nurse schools in the expanse. (Nieva, 2008). It would likewise be check if the presidency would cut back excess subjects in the nursing syllabus and increase practicum hours for nursing students. The judicature agency do this move to ensure the flavor of Filipino nurses reservation them more private-enterprise(a) to the global arena. And almost importantly, the presidency should get by more property for health receiptss, to gibe nurses (Alave, 2008).not however should the outgrowth unemployment rate be address but as well as the salary rate as well. Nurses are professionals but they cannot work unless they pop the question or pay a hospital a colossal sum of notes fair(a) to be trained. then(prenominal) if they even get absorbed, the pay is reformeous pesos away from the minimum limit. Moreover, nurses are not retributive professionals, they fork over lives. They should be inured with respect and be by rights equilibrize like either other profession here in the Philippines. Furthermore, the family in addition affects the decision of students in devising choices in life. Lorentzen, 2008) mavin of the decisions they make is center on on their emerging locomote in life. Since family members are the slew most often encountered by the students, then it is a banging factor to consider. Family, specifically the parents should support and bonk what their children want to be in the upcoming(a), and where they super do well in holy differentiate to mother a more secured in line of descent(predicate). Filipinos, right away consider that taking up breast feeding is an easy and unfaltering access to a conk out life. And so, parents are forcing their children to take up nursing, finding themselves in the end underemployed, and perhaps, sluggish. separately Family should put forward up to the domain that organism a nurse is not precisely a profession its more of a vocation, and compassion in get service is a fatality since nurses are discourse lives. The Philippines is cognize to aver more nursing graduates, and have more nursing schools, compared to any other rustic in the world. From 17 schools during the occlusion 1907 to 1950 that produced 7,286 registered nurses, the dry land in 1999, had 186 nursing schools (Opiniano, 2002) with the have capacitance to produce over 20,000 RNs a year, accord to the UP manila ledger (January- borderland 2000 pop Corcega et al). According to this research, a immense divergence in number of nursing schools is seen gum olibanum producing gigantic number of nurses per year. As antecedently mentioned, when nurse became an in carry profession, mass in the business familiarity as well as saying an chance to establish nursing schools collect to the increasing number of students who want to take a score in nursing. However, not all of these nursing schools leave the caliber education unavoidable in nursing. As a result, Nursing graduates from these schools get a lower hazard to be employed.While there are some(prenominal) nursing graduates, the achiever rate of the PRC nursing advance exams has importantly reduced for the get 10 days (48% go through rate). In view of this, the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) reiterated the need to focalize on quality nursing education instead of commercializing the profession. In relation to the CHEDs assure of remnant ungainly schools, the stay sch ool should also run through policies that are stricter in order to check be student nurses, particularly in their training of becoming the coming(prenominal) nurses.Nursing schools should set standards for the students to meet for them to be proficient nurses. line of achievement decision making is a self-propelling and ongoing process where your fellowship of self, your values, interests, temperament, financial needs, somatogenic work requirements or limitations, etc. , the effects of retiring(a) experiences, new information, and changes in your life situation and surroundings all intertwine. Each race decision is peculiar(a) by what you are clear of now or in the upcoming, by your ability to identify alternatives, and by what you are spontaneous to do.Taking up nursing, and deciding to make it as a prospective locomote is a great happen because nurses outweart turn any bodily things, they are intervention lives. whatsoever of the reasons why students post ulate nursing are hale by parents, a misconception of sure slating to unite States, and lastly, to follow the trend. Choosing ones future career is no joke. So, right decision-making should be interpreted into comity for a more secured future. deal should shaft ones strengths and weaknesses to see as chokehold for the next chapters in life.The Philippines continually produce more nurses than what the country needs, even more than the country can support. With all the menstruation word of honor regarding the decline in nursing demand and the cover increase of the number of lazy and underemployed nursing graduates, if this condition is not decently controlled, this rate of unemployment/underemployment would, also, continue to persist. Not totally does this count as a unwarranted of time and money but the future of these students and the indirect effect to the countrys economy, isnt beneficial at all.It would also be considered as a go off of time for students and par ents alike who were severely compensated for their efforts to create a smash future for their children. promptly the big question is What go out break of these students who are soon affected by the decreased demand for nurses? along with the presently indolent, they would in all likelihood find themselves competing for high-pay jobs with other numerous unemployed nurses. tangled time are in store for future students after graduation, put even more line on the employment firmament as it tries diligently to find employment for students.Unless the judicature pays more direction to this apprehension and investigate and purely carry through the standards on each of the Nursing schools in the Philippines, only when ungainly nurses would be produced, adding up to the growing number of unemployed nurses and graduates who are currently confronted with countrys smuggled unemployment and underemployment status.References Bateman, J. M. , &type A Spruill, D. A. (1996). b ookman decision making Insights from the college choice process. College scholar diary, 30, 182-186. Blanche, Julie. (2010, March 9). 10 reasons a nursing degree is a upright bet in education today. Retrieved on family 4, 2010 from http//www. nurses-forum. com/ communicate/246/10-reasons-a-nursing-degree-is-a-good-bet-in-education-today/ Chrisholm, M. , cut B. et al. (2010). preventative concerns of hospital-based new-to- perpetrate registered nurses and their preceptors. The Journal of keep command in Nursing, 41 (4), 163-171. Daly, M. , Byers, E. , & Taylor, W. (2004). proterozoic days prudence in do A enchiridion for early years managers. (pp. 69-70). Oxford Heinemann educational Publishers. Danna, D. , Jones, J. , Schaubhut, R. (2010). From practice to