What Are the Principal Parts of Latin Verbs

When you learn a new Latin verb you generally learn an abbreviated form of the following four principal parts: the present, active, indicative, first person, singular,the present active infinitive,the perfect, active, indicative, first person, singular, andthe past participle (or perfect passive participle), singular, masculine. Taking as an example the first conjugation verb amo (love), you will see in the dictionary something like: amo, -are, -avi, -atus. This is an abbreviated form of the four principal parts: amo, amare, amavi, amatus. The four principal parts correspond with English forms: I love (or I am loving) [present, active, first person, singular],To love [present active infinitive],I have loved (or I loved) [perfect, active, first person, singular],Loved [past participle]. In English, however, you usually just learn something referred to as the verb, as in love. That doesnt mean English lacks principal parts—just that we tend to ignore them and if we learn them, we dont have to learn four: The present active indicative first person singular of love is love,the simple past tense and the past participle loved. If you learn the verb is love or to love you know to add the -d for the past. This makes it seem onerous to have to learn four forms for each Latin verb; however, even in English we sometimes face a similar challenge. It all depends on whether were dealing with what is called a strong verb or a weak one. Having four principal parts not so different from English if you insert the infinitive (to the verb) in the list of principal parts, andlook at a strong verb like ring rather than a weak verb like love. A strong verb in English changes the vowel to change the tense. I — A — U in the following example: Ring is the present,To ring is the present infinitive,Rang is the past, andRung is the past participle. A weak verb (like love) doesnt change the vowel. Why Should You Notice the Four Principal Parts? The four principal parts of the Latin verb give you all the information you need to conjugate the verb. Not all first principal parts end in -o. Some are in the third person, not first.The infinitive tells you which conjugation it is in. Drop the -re to locate the present stem.The perfect form is often unpredictable, although usually you just drop the terminal -i to find the perfect stem. Deponent and semi-deponent verbs only have 3 principal parts: The perfect form doesnt end in -i. Conor, -ari, -atus sum is a deponent verb. The third principal part is the perfect.Some verbs cant be made passive, and some verbs have the active future participle in place of the past participle for the fourth principal part. Sources and Further Reading Moreland, Floyd L., and Fleischer, Rita M. Latin: An Intensive Course. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.Traupman, John C. The Bantam New College Latin English Dictionary. Third Edition. New York: Bantam Dell, 2007.

Scientific Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution refers to a time in history when developments in the sciences took off and changed the view of society regarding the earth and nature. Some of the relevant topics of this time were mathematics, astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Typically, the scientific revolution is considered the time in Europe starting around the end of the Renaissance period and lasting through the late 18th century. Between 1543 and 1700, Europe underwent many changes that forever changed the thoughts and beliefs of society as a result of the scientific revolution. During this time, the creation of many inventions came about and the studies of many people changed the culture of society. Evidence was no longer†¦show more content†¦Harvey is given credit for being the first to accurately describe the entire circuit, including arteries and veins, of where the blood starts in the circulation process and where it ends as a result of heart contractions. In the publication su bmitted by Copernicus, he established a model of the universe that depicted the Sun and not the Earth at the center of the universe. He described the Earth revolving around the sun which was in contrast to earlier thinking that suggested the sun revolved around the Earth (heliocentric theory). This revelation of thought started a change in the way the world was viewed. Maybe the Earth was not the center of everything and maybe there was more out there that could be learned in order to scientifically understand the world (Scientific revolution). Johannes Kepler followed in the footsteps of Copernicus. He too believed that the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler was a religious man and did not want to speak against his religious beliefs. He therefore took a different approach. He studied the heavens in order to better understand how God put the planets in motion around the sun. He is best known for his formulation of the Laws of planetary Motion. The Laws of planetary Motion consisted of three parts. The first part was the belief that the planets moved in elliptical orbits. The second part was the equal area law whichShow MoreRelatedThe Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1873 Words   |  8 Pageswas the most influential figure of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution brought attention to many figures, Copernicus and Galileo, but Newton is the scientist with most influential changes that that have changed how we think. His research and discovery of gravitation formula led to the scientific method. While that was his most famous discovery, he also had many findings in the mathematical field. Newton changed the way we think and his discovery on gravity was monumental, but even todayRead MoreThe Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1444 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the Scientific Revolution began to take shape around the year 1550, the world of science was exceedingly narrow and thought to be known. The scientific views of the pre-scientific revolution stem back even further than the popular Aristotelian era of science. Hippocrates contributed greatly to the field of science, especially in the field of medicine. It was during his years of medical studies that Hippocrates theorized the â€Å"Four Temperaments†. This theory hypothesized that there are fourRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesparallels between ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment This essay will explore parallels between the ideas of the scientific revolution and the enlightenment. The scientific revolution describes a time when great changes occurred in the way the universe was viewed, d through the advances of sciences during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 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The Scientific Revolution which included the development of scientific attitudes and skepticism of old views on nature and humanityRead MoreThe Impact of the Scientific Revolution Upon the Enlightenment 975 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual changes in Europe that had resulted from the scientific revolution during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The scientific revolution and the discoveries made about the natural world would ultimately challenge the way people perceived the world around them. Scientist found real answers, by questioning flawed ancient beliefs that were widely held and maintained by the church. Ultimately, these discoveries and scientific advanceme nts would evolve and effect social, cultural, andRead MoreScientific Revolution- Ap Euro Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesHow did the developments in scientific thought from Copernicus to Newton create a new conception of the universe and of humanity’s place within it? 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Only with the second millennium B.C have we learned that there were three elements in man’s attitude to nature, which impacted the growth of the scientific revolution: empiricalRead MoreThe Rationalization Of Global Warming1333 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent discussions within the scientific community and throughout its path towards acceptance scientist in agreeance with the model have to provide evidence of support for their claim. Kuhn’s process of discovery states that normal science is only thrown into a paradigm shift when a crisis emerges within the paradigm and the discoveries within the crisis lead to a revolution towards a new normal science. Within the scientific community of g lobal warming, the discoveries were preceded by observations

Tutorial on Alligation Free Essays

Tutorial – Alligation I This is a copy on a word document. A few members have posted that they could not open the original that was posted on August 4, 2002 as a Created Text File. The following is an exact duplicate: The following is a dilution problem, solved by using an alligation method. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial on Alligation or any similar topic only for you Order Now to see this problem solved by using ratio/proportion please see a Tutorial called: Tutorial on Dilution Using the Ratio / Proportion Method Problem: The doctor has ordered 60ml of a 12% solution of a specific drug (Rx). However, on the shelf you have only 30% (Availability or Av). What can you do? or use instead? Answer: Dilute the stronger 30% with WATER to make a 12% solution Calculation: Alligation or Ratio/Proportion Method This Tutorial is by using the Alligation method only. For the Ratio Proportion Method Please see the Tutorial on Dilution Using the Ratio / Proportion Method Begin by drawing a Tic Tac Toe diagram: NOTE: WATER has NO drug in it. Therefore the percentage (%) of drug is 0%. 1. Place the high in the upper left. (H) 2. Place the lowest in the lower left. (L) 3. Place the middle or what you are going to make in the middle. (M) 4. Subtract H – L and it becomes (both) the denominators. 30-0=30 5. Subtract H – M and it becomes the numerator of the lower right corner. 30- 12=18 6. Subtract M – L and it becomes the numerator of the upper right corner. 12-0=12 7. Check point: 12 + 18 = 30, 30 over 30 = 1 or 30/30 = 1 Note in the future doing other alligations: If your answer is one or 1 then you may proceed with a green light to the next step! Your alligation should look like this: 12 30% —– X 60 ml = 24 ml of 30 % solution 30 12% 18 % —– X 60 ml = 36 ml of WATER (0 % solution) 30 = 60 ml of 12% solution Dear All With the ability of this new site to keep the graphic or design of the tic tac toe, I have been able to enhance it here on a File attachment. The lines of the alegation stay straight!!! Jeanetta Mastron copyright July 18, 2002 The above is an exact copy/duplicate of the Created Text File on a word document. A few members have posted that they could not open the original that was posted on August 4, 2002 as a Created Textr File. The above is an exact duplicate. The following is the original date it was posted, the original link that is STILL on the site with the Created Text File, and a Print Screen which proves the original posted date. Original post date: Aug  4,  2002 Original link of JeanettasPTCBStudyGroup: http://f1. grp. yahoofs. com/v1/AMLVSb6aO3208cFhgB9h90haDMQjWFAZpRWYP9pgHo88xiQ8ZLvqBwWiBIDp pIEkkCdYpiUxP5thnV6nJHq6/5-%20Tutorial-1%20%26%20Study%20Information/S%208-%20Math%20Tutorials%20Only/Alligations/Tutorial%20on%20Allegations%20I This is the original and current description of the Created Text of: Tutorial on Allegations I Learn how to dilute a strong solution with WATER using the Allegation methodas described by Jeanetta Mastron CPhT, Founder of the PTCB Study Group! . To learn how to do this with the Ratio-Proportion Method see the Tutorial on Dilutio using Ratio/Proportion Method copyright July 2002 by Jeanetta Mastron This is a print screen to prove that this was posted earlier. [pic] Please note the correct spelling of the word is Alligation. [pic] ———————– Notice the dates: Original Sept 21, 2003 Word Copy Apr 3, 2009 Updated Word May 23, 2009 How to cite Tutorial on Alligation, Papers

About Rabha Tribe of Assam free essay sample

Such traditional songs are basically found in the subgroups such as Maitory, Rongdani, Kocha, Pati, Dahuri, Totola etc. , who have retained their traditional faith and dialects. Rabha folk songs can be classified into the following categories: (a) Songs associated with worship, fair and festivals; (b) Songs connected with the rites of passage; (c) Seasonal songs; (d) Songs of love and yearning; (e) Songs associated with merriment; (f) Songs associated with agriculture; (g) Work songs and (h) Miscellaneous songs. (a) Songs associated with worship, fair and festivals: Seasonal fair and religious festivals are common in Rabha Society. These religious festivals are especially arranged for agricultural purposes. Among these religious festivals the worship of khoktshi or baikhu is very significant. It is primarily a dance and song based festival, organized before the commencement of the agricultural activities of the year. The festival begins with wishing each other a happy new year and in the memory of dodan and marukhetri. We will write a custom essay sample on About Rabha Tribe of Assam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deities like khoktshima, bairaNgiri, mairaNgiri, etc. are also individually worshiped, where praise-worthy huimaru or baikhu song of dodan and marukhetri, daduri, tshutsari,dzimari are sung through out the night. Beside these, sathar song is also sung by the youths. The specimen of the song is quoted below: hoi aiya tshitsora aiya tshitsora tolotshi porano dONa, tematshe hoi aiya tshitsora. aiya tshitsora tontshera doNa tematsha hoi aiya tshitsora. Oh Goddess earth, please satisfy our heartiest salutation and listen to our humble prayers. Oh mother, bless us with grain and wealth. Oh mother, we are the descendents of marukhetri Tukuria geet is another significant folk song related to religious festival. Tukuria geet is sung at the time of worshipping tukuriadeo (Goddess). In this ballad like song, the description of langadevata (mahadeva) , narayani (parbati), kashulkumari, supuni, ghardeboti, rathawali kachaikhaiti, dudhkwari, subsani ( nine sisters ) and gosani, coming down from heaven along with herkapeta (ganesh) with the intention of worship is enunciated. (b) Songs connected with the rites of passage: The Rabha society has a wide-ranging numbers of folksongs connected with the rites of passage. Among these, mention may be made of to-tekamni tsay (Marriage related), pharkanti (folk song related to death ceremony), etc. Pharkanti is a folk song presented in sradha ceremony. This kind of folk tradition is found in Maitori and Rongdani sub-groups. A part of pharkanti song is given below: tondoleka ana ana korok korok khara ato dzonOm rano ure naNtshe phamana oh bhai mansheleNka naNTtshe phamana. Oh kingfisher, you know what our brother will be born as (C) Seasonal song: Since time immemorial, the agrarian society of the Rabha follows different agriculture or season related festivals, where the pan picture of society is depicted through a variety of songs. Among these mention may be made of bhaluk notshuwar geet (Bear dance), Ori / arimaga geet (bagging song), hatshoN puja geet, Grimbuda, etc. e. g. : ori/arimoga geet-Ori or Arimoga geet is associated with begging, i. e. , a group of children go from house to house singing in order to collect remuneration or money. This kind of folk song is prevalent among Pati Rabhas. A part of Ori or arimoga geet is given below:- ahiluNre orene mahalaksmir tshorone m ahalaksmir ditshe bor dhan topata olai por we have come wandering, to the feet of goddess laksmi, please offer us something in the name of laksmi who is blessing you (d) Songs of love and yearning: Songs of love and yearning (pronoigandhi geet) are very popular among the Rabha’s. Among these songs mention may be made of sathar geet bahuraNi geet, Baikho-trokkay geet. e. g. : sathar geet: The ‘sathar geet’ is sung in baikhu festival. bhogobano urgino bhog-tultshirai nukbarkaiyo urgino tshale rumal phulo rai hurtshai hurtshai Submit to the almighty with ‘tulsi’ submit to the dear ones with floral rumal i. e. handkerchief Baikho-trokkay is another significant love and yearning song sung in Baikho worship. The Maitory and Rongdani Rabha’s specially sing this song. The young boys and girls generally present it.